{
    "tag": 7908,
    "title": "Georeferenced scans of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) topographic sheets (T-Sheets) Collected Along the Fire Island and Great South Bay, New York, Coastline from 1834-1875",
    "pubdate": "20200520",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "doi:10.5066\/P9LMOCJ0",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/spcmsc\/Fire_Island_t-sheet_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "Topographic sheets (t-sheets) produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS) during the 1800s provide the position of past shorelines. The shoreline data can be vectorized into a geographic information system (GIS) and compared to modern shoreline data to calculate estimates of long-term shoreline rates of change. Many t-sheets were scanned and digitized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are available on the NOAA Shoreline web site (https:\/\/shoreline.noaa.gov\/data\/datasheets\/t-sheets.html). However, some t-sheets were not scanned by NOAA and are only available via the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The data included within this data release were previously unavailable or not published in digital format. These data were produced to provide a more comprehensive record of shoreline position for Fire Island and Great South Bay, New York, to aid geologic and coastal hazards studies. This data release includes previously unavailable georeferenced t-sheets and digital vector shorelines for the Fire Island and Great South Bay, New York, coastline from 1834, 1838, and 1874\/1875. The original t-sheets were scanned by the NARA-authorized vendor and sent to the Unites States Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS SPCMSC) as non-georeferenced digital raster files. Upon arrival at the SPCMSC, USGS staff performed the following procedures: rasters were georeferenced, projected to a modern datum, and shorelines were digitized to create a vector polyline depicting the historical shoreline position. The t-sheets included in this data release are: 1) T-479a, T-479b, T-1 (Parts 2 and 3) (1834); 2) T-58 (Parts 1 and 2) (1838); 3) T-1374a, T-1374b, T-1375a, T-1375b (1874); and 4) T-1402 (1875). All shorelines, including the ocean-facing barrier island shoreline, back-barrier island shoreline, mainland and islands were digitized. Please read the full metadata for details on data collection, dataset variables, and data quality.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Terrano, Joseph F.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Smith, Kathryn E. L.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Bendik, Kirsten J.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Vargas, Joseph M.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2051",
            "name": "digitization",
            "scope": "Compilation in digital form of data previously presented in analog forms such as contours on paper maps, plots, or other graphical materials, so that the digital data produced approximates the scientific measurements used to create the original printed materials."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "445",
            "name": "geographic information systems",
            "scope": "Computer software that allows geospatially referenced data to be linked to geographic features. Use this term only for information that is about GIS and not for the use of GIS in applications and projects."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "468",
            "name": "geomorphology",
            "scope": "Branch of geology dealing with surface land features and the processes that create and change them."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "474",
            "name": "geospatial datasets",
            "scope": "Collections of related digital information that are geographically referenced."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1749",
            "name": "topographic maps",
            "scope": "Maps depicting the elevation and relief of the land surface or depth of a water body (bathymetry) in an area, usually shown using contour lines.  Typically these maps include manmade features and administrative boundaries as well as vegetation and hydrographic features."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1176",
            "name": "topography",
            "scope": "Configuration of the land surface and sea floor."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "003",
            "name": "boundaries",
            "scope": "Legal land descriptions, for example political and administrative boundaries, governmental units, marine boundaries, voting districts, school districts, international boundaries"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "012",
            "name": "inlandWaters",
            "scope": "Inland water features, drainage systems and characteristics, for example rivers and glaciers, salt lakes, water utilization plans, dams, currents, floods and flood hazards, water quality, hydrographic charts, watersheds, wetlands, hydrography"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": []
}