{ "tag": 12029, "title": "Geochemical analysis of authigenic carbonates and chemosynthetic mussels at Atlantic Margin seeps (ver. 2.0, March 2019)", "pubdate": "2016", "sername": null, "series_name": null, "issue": "DOI:10.5066\/F77942SJ", "publish": null, "publisher_name": null, "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/pcmsc\/DataReleases\/ScienceBase\/DR_F77942SJ\/MDAC_Geochemistry_metadata_v.2.0.faq.html", "format": null, "email": null, "descript": "Isotopic analyses of authigenic carbonates and methanotrophic deep-sea mussels, Bathymodiolus sp., was performed on samples collected from seep fields in the Baltimore and Norfolk Canyons on the north Atlantic margin. Samples were collected using remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) during three different research cruises in 2012, 2013, and 2015. Analyses were performed by several different laboratories, and the results are presented in spreadsheet format.", "lang": null, "journal": null, "pwid": null, "originator": [ { "name": "Prouty, Nancy G.", "role": "Author" } ], "index_term": [ { "thcode": 2, "code": "143", "name": "carbon-14 analysis", "scope": "Method to determine the age of organic geologic and archaeological specimens, aged approximately 3,000 to 50,000 years, by determining the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "153", "name": "chemical analysis", "scope": "Chemical techniques used to identify the composition of substances." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "2067", "name": "grab sampling", "scope": "Use of a mechanical device to seize a volume of unconsolidated surficial material for study. This term applies when the device used is specifically crafted for grab sampling." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "654", "name": "light stable isotope analysis", "scope": "Analytical technique using mass spectrometry to measure the different isotopic forms of low mass (light) elements such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and sulfur that occur in samples." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "703", "name": "marine chemistry", "scope": "Branch of chemistry that deals with the properties, composition, structure, and interaction of substances in the seas and oceans." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "757", "name": "mollusks", "scope": "Invertebrates belonging to the phylum Mollusca with soft, nonsegmented bodies, often covered by a hard shell. Includes snails, clams, oysters, whelks, mussels, slugs, octopuses, and squids." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "859", "name": "paleoceanography", "scope": "Study of the oceans in the geologic past, including their physical, chemical, biologic, and geologic history." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "1653", "name": "Pleistocene", "scope": "Epoch of geologic time approximately 2.6 million to 11 thousand years ago. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/fs20103059" }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "954", "name": "radiometric dating", "scope": "Methods for age determination of rocks and fossils by measuring the proportions of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes to their decay products." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "1028", "name": "sea-level change", "scope": "Variation in the relative vertical position of land and ocean waters. Caused globally by changes in the distribution of ice masses and the shape of the oceans, and locally by the rate of uplift or subsidence of the land surface. Includes both global (eustatic) and local (relative) sea-level variations." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "1036", "name": "sedimentation", "scope": "Process of deposition of sediments (loose, uncemented pieces of rock, mineral fragments, or biological materials). The sediments settle out of water or air into layers on a surface." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "1091", "name": "specimen collecting", "scope": "Taking of samples from the environment for study." }, { "thcode": 2, "code": "1203", "name": "uranium-thorium analysis", "scope": "Radiometric dating technique used to determine the age of earth materials based on determining the ratio of uranium-238 to the decay product thorium-230. The ratio is compared to the known half-life of the uranium isotope." }, { "thcode": 15, "code": "002", "name": "biota", "scope": "Flora or fauna in natural environment, for example wildlife, vegetation, biological sciences, ecology, wilderness, sea life, wetlands, habitat, biological resources" }, { "thcode": 15, "code": "008", "name": "geoscientificInformation", "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion" }, { "thcode": 15, "code": "014", "name": "oceans", "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline" }, { "thcode": 23, "code": "28", "name": "Ecological Functions and Services", "scope": "Ecological Functions and Services includes data describing or measuring an ecological or ecosystem process, property, or benefit to humans that is associated with habitat or biota. While many natural services are related to physical materials and energy production, this category is limited to those services and benefits that derive from ecological interactions of living organisms. Examples of processes or properties include primary productivity, secondary production, nutrient processing, biomass, biodiversity, ecological integrity, and trophic connectivity or export. Examples of services include provisioning of food; carbon storage; nutrient removal; filtration of water; and storm, wave, or flood protection. Functions and services related to biodiversity and production are included here and are further categorized and discussed below. Distributions include records of ecological processes, properties, or services at a location, obtained through direct measurement; measurement of proxies; or modeled estimates. Assessments include ecological valuation indices; calculations of yield; indices of habitat quality or biological integrity; purpose-driven, regionally-specific indicators of ecological value or condition; classifications of areas as critical to certain functions; monetization or other valuations of services; and models of benefits or values. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or impacts of ecological functions or services; anticipated changes produced by natural and human processes; future projections of cumulative impacts of single or multiple stressors; scenario-testing models of loss or gain of function; and predictions of ecological or economic effects of functional changes under different management strategies. The Ecological Functions and Services category includes two sublevels, which are called out for their broad impact on other functions and services and for their frequent use in assessments." }, { "thcode": 23, "code": "27", "name": "Habitat", "scope": "Habitat includes data that describe repeatable combinations of biota and associated chemical, physical, or geological features in a distinct place, which, as in the CMECS Biotic Component, generally are named for the dominant taxa living there. Habitat also includes biotopes in accordance with CMECS. Examples include seagrass beds, deep-water corals, benthos, nekton, plankton, mussel beds. Distributions for Habitat data subject types include records of biotic associations, habitats, or biotopes obtained through direct observation, imagery, collection, or other methods; Distributions also include biotope maps, predicted maps of present-day habitats (for example, the Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecoregional Assessment, Mapping European Seabed Habitats), and other compilations or interpretations from observed data. Assessments include ecological valuation indices, presence, quantity (hectares), or percentage of identified high-value habitats; other purpose-driven, regionally-specific indicators of ecological value; classifications of areas as critical habitat; ecological services models; evaluations of habitat condition; and place-based indices of susceptibility and vulnerability to disturbance. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or impacts; anticipated changes produced by natural and human processes; future projections of cumulative impacts of single or multiple stressors; and scenario-testing habitat loss\/gain models and predictions of related ecological or economic effects under different management strategies." }, { "thcode": 23, "code": "10", "name": "Natural Gas Resources", "scope": "Stocks of naturally formed hydrocarbon gases, which are usually associated with petroleum fields or gas hydrate formations. Distributions are geologic maps, models, and other observations that indicate locations and volumes of underground stocks. Assessments evaluate locations, methods, and profitability of gas extraction and transportation; environmental impacts; and (or) other interactions with other uses. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future gas reserves based on projected extraction, or they are predicted changes in profitability and risk due to economic, regulatory, technological, and environmental changes." }, { "thcode": 23, "code": "20", "name": "Physical\/Chemical Features", "scope": "Geological, chemical, or hydrodynamic features that are ecologically important or influence patterns of human uses of the ocean. Examples include seamounts, persistent upwelling zones, areas of low dissolved oxygen, and areas of reduced pH. Distributions are recorded observations of parameters and features, often as a function of time as well as place, also including maps and three-dimensional predictions of distributions based on combinations of observations and theory. Distributions of physical and chemical features (for example, physical habitat, substrate, or bathymetry) are often used as data to support habitat-biota models. Assessments provide information about the value, impact, drivers, connections, or functions of a feature in its present distributions, or they evaluate the effects of physical\/chemical features on ecology or suitability for use. Assessments can include climate change models that project environmental effects of climate change and acidification. Larger assessments that combine physical\/chemical features with other Resources and Uses categories can appropriately be included here and also in the other related Resources or Uses categories. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or impacts, which include anticipated changes produced by natural and human processes, and they are also the results of scenario-testing models for comparing outcomes of different management actions." }, { "thcode": 23, "code": "21", "name": "Physical Habitats and Geomorphology", "scope": "Includes measures of the geologic and structural characteristics of the coast or sea floor, such as the features defined in the Geoform Component of CMECS. Distributions are detailed topographic and bathymetric maps, geolocated photographs, or sea-floor descriptions; Distributions includes maps that interpret observations to categorize areas on the basis of geoform types such as those in CMECS. Assessment types include evaluations of ecological or human use value and can include models that project environmental or economic effects of erosion, climate change, dredging, and other stressors. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of physical habitats, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces; they are also from scenario-based models of resource losses, gains, or impacts on ecological or economic values under different management strategies (for example, mining, removal, relocation, or the building of structures)." }, { "thcode": 61, "code": "494", "name": "chemical analysis", "scope": "used for all laboratory analyses in support of geochemical or biochemical research." }, { "thcode": 61, "code": "695", "name": "geochemistry", "scope": "the study of the chemical composition and genesis of earth materials." } ], "place_term": [], "image": [], "fan": [ "B0413MC", "F0112MC" ] }