{
    "tag": 17588,
    "title": "Shoreline change rates in salt marsh units in Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey",
    "pubdate": "2018",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "DOI:10.5066\/F7PN94K2",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/whcmsc\/SB_data_release\/DR_F7PN94K2\/mu_LRR_EBFNWRp.shp.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "Monitoring shoreline change is of interest in many coastal areas because it enables quantification of land loss over time. Evolution of shoreline position is determined by the balance between erosion and accretion along the coast. In the case of salt marshes, erosion along the water boundary causes a loss of ecosystem services, such as habitat provision, carbon storage, and wave attenuation. In terms of vulnerability, higher shoreline erosion rates indicate higher vulnerability.              This dataset displays shoreline change rates at the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge (EBFNWR), which spans over Great Bay, Little Egg Harbor, and Barnegat Bay in New Jersey, USA. Shoreline change rates are based on Smith and Terrano (2017) analysis of digital vector shorelines acquired from historic topographic sheets, aerial photography, and\/or lidar using the AMBUR package (Jackson, 2010). Linear Regression Rates (LRR) of shoreline change were averaged along the shoreline of each salt marsh unit to generate this dataset. Positive and negative values indicate accretion and erosion respectively.  As part of the Hurricane Sandy Science Plan, the U.S. Geological Survey is expanding National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards and forecast products to coastal wetlands. The intent is to provide federal, state, and local managers with tools to estimate their vulnerability and ecosystem service potential. For this purpose, the response and resilience of coastal wetlands to physical factors need to be assessed in terms of the ensuing change to their vulnerability and ecosystem services. EBFNWR was selected as a pilot study area.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Defne, Zafer",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Ganju, Neil K.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "174",
            "name": "coastal ecosystems",
            "scope": "Biological communities and habitats within the narrow zones of land between the margin of oceans or seas and large landmasses."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "310",
            "name": "ecological processes",
            "scope": "Dynamic biogeochemical interactions that occur among and between biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "343",
            "name": "environmental assessment",
            "scope": "The evaluation of the status of a specific ecosystem or geographic area and how a proposed change in management or a proposed project will affect that status."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1266",
            "name": "vegetation",
            "scope": "Plant life or general plant cover in an area."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1326",
            "name": "wetland ecosystems",
            "scope": "Ecosystems whose soil is saturated for long periods seasonally or continuously, including marshes, swamps, and ephemeral ponds.  More detailed terms for wetlands can be selected from the FGDC Wetland Classification <http:\/\/fgdc.gov\/standards\/status\/sub3_4.html>."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1327",
            "name": "wetland functions",
            "scope": "Processes related to wetlands such as support of ecosystems, evaporation effects on weather, nutrient cycles, etc."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "012",
            "name": "inlandWaters",
            "scope": "Inland water features, drainage systems and characteristics, for example rivers and glaciers, salt lakes, water utilization plans, dams, currents, floods and flood hazards, water quality, hydrographic charts, watersheds, wetlands, hydrography"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [
        {
            "name": "https:\/\/www.sciencebase.gov\/catalog\/file\/get\/59a427efe4b077f005673271?name=mu_LRR_EBFNWRp.png",
            "description": "Graphic that shows the shoreline change rate in the EBFNWR salt marsh complex overlaying Esri Shaded World Relief Map."
        }
    ],
    "fan": []
}