{
    "tag": 15401,
    "title": "Ground Penetrating Radar and Global Positioning System Data Collected from Fire Island, New York, March-April 2021",
    "pubdate": "20230502",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": null,
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/spcmsc\/2021-312-FA_GPR_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "Fire Island, New York (NY) is a 50-kilometer (km) long barrier island system fronting the southern coast of Long Island, NY with relatively complex geology. In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys and sediment sampling at Fire Island to characterize and quantify spatial variability in the subaerial geology (Forde and others, 2018; Buster and others, 2018). These surveys, in combination with historical data, allowed for a preliminary reconstruction of the barrier\u2019s long-term evolution. In 2021, scientists from the USGS New York Water Science Center (NYWSC), on behalf of the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC), conducted additional GPR and sediment sampling surveys at Point O' Woods (POW) and Ho-Hum Beach (HHB) on Fire Island to fill in gaps in the timeline of Fire Island\u2019s development and illuminate relationships between different geomorphic structures observed along the island. This information will be used to calibrate a model of barrier island development, quantifying historic sediment fluxes within the Fire Island system.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Forde, Arnell S.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Bernier, Julie C.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Ciarletta, Daniel J.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Miselis, Jennifer L.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "326",
            "name": "electromagnetic surveying",
            "scope": "Method of determining the shape and constituency of near-surface earth structures by variations of responses of the materials to electrical and magnetic fields. Use for ground-based methods of imaging."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "464",
            "name": "geology",
            "scope": "Study of the planet earth, its composition, structure, physical and chemical processes, and history since its origin."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2084",
            "name": "ground penetrating radar",
            "scope": "Electromagnetic imaging instrument using radar to investigate shallow subsurface structure."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "531",
            "name": "hazards",
            "scope": "Potential dangers from both natural processes (e.g., earthquakes, floods, and climate change) and human impacts on the environment."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "706",
            "name": "marine geology",
            "scope": "Branch of geology concerned with the composition, geologic history, and earth processes of the ocean floor and the continental margin."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "22",
            "name": "Bathymetry and Elevation",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the height of a location above or below a reference surface. Bathymetry is the elevation of the Earth's surface beneath a body of water, especially the ocean, typically determined by measurements of depth from the water surface at mean lower low water. Distributions are topographic maps and bathymetric charts based on collected data and also include smoothed or gridded maps of bathymetry and elevation from observational data or other associated factors. Assessment data types include models of ecological value, economic value, or current rates of alterations due to erosion, accretion, climate change, and other stressors (for example, wetland habitat loss). Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of bathymetry, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces such as erosion, deposition, sea-level rise, and dredging activities; predictions also include the results of scenario-based models of bathymetry changes under different management strategies."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "3",
            "name": "Distributions",
            "scope": "Locations or patterns of a feature of interest across space and (or) time. These data can include point data, lines, polygons, and temporal data at any scale relevant to CMSP and can be produced by observation, interpolation, or modeling. Distributions can also include maps or statistics of climatology, the environmental values that are expected to be observed at the present time."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "21",
            "name": "Physical Habitats and Geomorphology",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the geologic and structural characteristics of the coast or sea floor, such as the features defined in the Geoform Component of CMECS. Distributions are detailed topographic and bathymetric maps, geolocated photographs, or sea-floor descriptions; Distributions includes maps that interpret observations to categorize areas on the basis of geoform types such as those in CMECS. Assessment types include evaluations of ecological or human use value and can include models that project environmental or economic effects of erosion, climate change, dredging, and other stressors. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of physical habitats, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces; they are also from scenario-based models of resource losses, gains, or impacts on ecological or economic values under different management strategies (for example, mining, removal, relocation, or the building of structures)."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "57",
            "name": "effects of coastal change",
            "scope": "changes in coastal processes, landscapes, and ecosystems."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "412",
            "name": "electromagnetic conductivity measurements",
            "scope": "used for shallow underground imaging techniques based on variations in the electrical conductance of earth materials."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "429",
            "name": "topographic mapping",
            "scope": "used for traditional cartographic methods that document the distribution and elevation of geographic and hydrographic features (and usually cultural features and administrative boundaries)."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 1,
            "code": "fUS",
            "name": "United States",
            "scope": "country",
            "pname": "North America"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 1,
            "code": "f36061",
            "name": "New York",
            "scope": "county",
            "pname": "New York"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 1,
            "code": "h020302",
            "name": "Long Island",
            "scope": "hydrologic accounting unit",
            "pname": "Lower Hudson-Long Island"
        }
    ],
    "image": [],
    "fan": [
        "2021-312-FA"
    ]
}