This data release presents eelgrass distributions and bathymetry data derived from acoustic surveys of Bellingham Bay, Washington. Survey operations were conducted between February 16 and February 21, 2019 (USGS Field Activity Number 2019-606-FA) by a team of scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center and Washington State Department of Ecology. Eelgrass and bathymetry data were collected from the R/V George Davidson equipped with a single-beam sonar system and ...

Bottom-landing and floating platforms with instrumentation to measure currents, waves, water level, optical turbidity, water temperature, and conductivity were deployed at four locations in Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA. Platforms were deployed in three separate periods: July 30, 2019–November 14, 2019, November 19, 2019–February 5, 2020, and January 22, 2021–April 13, 2021. These data were collected to support studies of sediment delivery, transport, deposition, and resuspension in this Pacific ...

Water samples were collected in Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA on 14 days from July 30, 2019, to April 15, 2021. The water samples were collected from a small vessel near pre-established USGS instrument moorings using a van Dorn water sampler. These data were collected to support studies of sediment delivery, transport, deposition, and resuspension in this Pacific Northwest estuarine embayment.

This data set consists of physics-based Delft3D-Flexible Mesh hydrodynamic model input files that are used to simulate compound flood exposure of the lower Nooksack River and delta of western Washington State under existing and future conditions of anticipated climate and land-use change. The model enables assessment of the changing flood exposure associated with the cumulative impacts of expected sea-level rise, greater tidal inundation, more frequent storm surge effects, and higher winter stream floods ...

Computed flood depths associated with the combined influence of sea level position, tides, storm surge, and streamflow under existing conditions and projected future higher sea level and peak stream runoff are provided for the lower (Reach 1) of the Nooksack River and delta in Whatcom County, western Washington State. The flood-depth projection data are provided in a series of raster geotiff files. Flood-depth projections were computed using a system of numerical models that accounted for projected changes ...

This data set consists of physics-based XBeach and SFINCS hydrodynamic model input files used for Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) Tier 3 simulations. This data release is for Whatcom County in Washington State and presents the final tier 3 models used to produce output data that is then post-processed into final CoSMoS products. Example model input and configuration files are included for a single domain and SLR scenario, with the full modelling framework iterating on this process to simulate ...

Projected flood depths associated with compound coastal flood hazards for future sea-level rise (SLR) and storm scenarios are provided for Whatcom County, Washington, in a series of raster geotiff files. Projections were made using a system of numerical models with atmospheric forcing, tides, sea level position and stream discharge driven by output from Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The resulting computed coastal flood depths along the Whatcom ...

Projected flood duration associated with compound coastal flood hazards for future sea-level rise (SLR) and storm scenarios are provided for Whatcom County, Washington, in a series of raster geotiff files. Projections were made using a system of numerical models with atmospheric forcing, tides, sea level position and stream discharge driven by output from Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The resulting computed coastal flood duration along the ...

Projected flood extents associated with compound coastal flood hazards for future sea-level rise (SLR) and storm scenarios are provided for Whatcom County, Washington, in a series of shapefile files. Projections were made using a system of numerical models with atmospheric forcing, tides, sea level position and stream discharge driven by output from Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The resulting computed coastal flood extents along the Whatcom ...

Projected flood velocities associated with compound coastal flood hazards for future sea-level rise (SLR) and storm scenarios are provided for Whatcom County, Washington, in a series of raster geotiff files. Projections were made using a system of numerical models with atmospheric forcing, tides, sea level position and stream discharge driven by output from Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The resulting computed coastal flood velocities along the ...

Projected flood levels associated with compound coastal flood hazards for future sea-level rise (SLR) and storm scenarios are provided for Whatcom County, Washington, in a series of raster geotiff files. Projections were made using a system of numerical models with atmospheric forcing, tides, sea level position and stream discharge driven by output from Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The resulting computed coastal flood levels along the Whatcom ...

Projected wave heights associated with compound coastal flood hazards for existing and future sea-level rise (SLR) and storm scenarios are shown for Whatcom County, Washington, in a series of raster geotiff files. Projections were made using a system of numerical models driven by output from Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The resulting data are water levels of projected flood hazards along the Whatcom County coast due to sea level rise and ...

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA, on 2019-06-06. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed autonomous ...

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, on 2019-06-03. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The UAS was flown on pre ...

This portion of the data release presents digital surface models (DSM) and hillshade images of the intertidal zones at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA. The DSMs have a resolution of 2.5 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-03. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and ...

This portion of the data release presents digital surface models (DSMs) and hillshade images of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA. The DSMs were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-06. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSMs represent the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have not been removed from the data. In addition, ...

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA on 2019-06-06. Nineteen temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout each survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns ...

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zones at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, on 2019-06-03. Twelve temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout each survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white ...

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic images of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA. The orthomosaics were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-06. The orthomosaics are presented with two resolutions: one image, covering the entire survey area, has a resolution of 2 centimeters per pixel; the other image which was derived from a lower-altitude flight, covers an inset ...

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic images of the intertidal zones at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA. The orthomosaics have a resolution of 1.3 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-03. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaics was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was ...

This portion of the data release presents topographic point clouds of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA. The point clouds were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-06. Two point clouds are presented with different resolutions: one point cloud (PostPoint_2019-06-06_pointcloud.zip) covers the entire survey area and has 145,653,2221 points with an average point density of 1,057 points per-square meter ...

This portion of the data release presents topographic point clouds of the intertidal zone at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-03. The point clouds for Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park contain 74,565,548 and 122,791,637 points, respectively, at an approximate point spacing of 1 point every 2 centimeters. Each point contains an explicit horizontal and vertical ...

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA, on 2019-06-05. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. For flights F01, F02, F03, F04, and F05 the ...

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, on 2019-06-04. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. Flights using both a nadir camera orientation and an oblique camera orientation were conducted. For the nadir flights (F04, F05, F06, F07, and F08), the camera was mounted ...

This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and hillshade image of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA. The DSM has a resolution of 4 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-05. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have ...

This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and hillshade image of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA. The DSM has a resolution of 4 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-04. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have not been ...

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA on 2019-06-05. Eighteen temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns ...

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA on 2019-06-04. Twenty-five temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns and ...

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic image of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA. The orthomosaic has a resolution of 2 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-05. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaic was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed ...

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic image of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA. The orthomosaic has a resolution of 2 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-04. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaic was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed ...

This portion of the data release presents a topographic point cloud of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA. The point cloud was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-05. The point cloud has 206,323,353 points with an average point density of 929 points per-square meter. The point cloud is tiled to reduce individual file sizes and is grouped within a zip file for downloading. Each point in the point ...

This portion of the data release presents a topographic point cloud of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA. The point cloud was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-04. The point cloud has 293,261,002 points with an average point density of 1,063 points per-square meter. The point cloud is tiled to reduce individual file sizes and is grouped within a zip file for downloading. Each point in the point cloud ...

Pressure, conductivity, temperature, and water level relative the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) were measured at seven locations in Puget Sound and Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA, from November 2, 2018 to June 4, 2021. These data were collected using submersible pressure-conductivity-temperature sensors mounted on piers to support studies of extreme water levels and flooding hazards in the region.

Simulatations of water levels in the Salish Sea for a continuous hindcast of the period October 1, 1985, to September 30, 2015 were conducted to evaluate the utility and skill of a sea-level anomaly predictor and to develop extreme water level estimates accounting for decadal climate variability. The model accounts for sea level position, tides, remote sea-level anomalies, local winds and storm surge and stream flows as they affect water density. Comparison of modeled and measured water levels showed the ...

Simulations of the period 2016-2099 were conducted using the Salish Sea hydrodynamic model to evaluate extreme water levels associated with anticipated changes in sea level and climate forcing. The model projections accounting for sea level position, tides, remote sea-level anomalies, local winds and storm surge and stream flows as they affect water density. Dynamically downscaled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) CMIP5 GFDL wind and atmospheric pressure fields were prescribed over the model open ...

Simulations of water levels in the Salish Sea over the period October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2020 were conducted to validate the Salish Sea hydrodynamic model. The model accounts for sea level position, tides, remote sea-level anomalies, local winds and storm surge and stream flows as they affect water density. Comparison of modeled and measured water levels showed the model predicts extreme water levels at NOAA and USGS tide gage stations within 0.15 m. Model inputs and outputs of time-series forcing and ...