A digital camera is an electronic device that captures photographs and videos by converting light into digital data, storing images on memory cards instead of film. Unlike traditional film cameras, digital cameras allow instant image review, deletion, and editing. Uses CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) image sensors to convert light into electrical signals.

GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that provides accurate location, velocity, and time information anywhere on Earth, 24/7, in all weather conditions. Civilian GPS can locate a receiver within about 10 meters, while advanced techniques (like RTK) can achieve centimeter-level precision.